Abstract

This research explores the challenges in managing India’s Public Distribution System (PDS) in rural areas, critically examining a globally recognized food security model that serves as a safety net for millions. With a sample size of 250 ration card holders from various socio-economic backgrounds and 50 PDS distributors across selected rural districts of Maharashtra, the study offers insights into operational inefficiencies, access issues, and socio-economic implications of the PDS. Using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, the research analyzes categorical variables and assesses relationships between socio-demographic factors and satisfaction levels with the system. Key findings reveal persistent challenges, including poor quality and insufficient quantity of goods, corruption, irregular supply, and limited access to ration shops, all of which directly affect the well-being of rural beneficiaries. Despite high awareness of the system, discrepancies in the delivery of entitlements and a lack of transparency continue to undermine its effectiveness. The research also proposes actionable recommendations for improving the operational efficiency of the PDS, including digitalization, regular audits, and enhanced accountability mechanisms. This study provides a critical evaluation of the PDS’s current state and its potential for reform, contributing to the ongoing discourse on food security and poverty alleviation in India.